Gut health does not begin with yoghurt, sauerkraut, or a probiotic capsule. It begins the moment food enters your mouth. You might not think of your mouth as part of your gut health, but it is actually the first part of your digestive tract. The mouth is home to one of the body's richest microbial communities. Hundreds of bacterial species live across the tongue, teeth, gums and saliva, forming what we call the oral microbiome. Some of these microbes are helpful, while others

You take vitamin D every day. You remember your capsule, follow the instructions and expect your next blood test to show an improvement. Then the result comes back: your vitamin D is still low. It can be frustrating—and in a sunny city like Perth, it can seem particularly confusing. But living somewhere with plenty of sunshine does not automatically mean you will have adequate vitamin D. Time spent indoors, clothing, sun-protection habits, darker skin pigmentation, age, body